Anatomic study of verumontanum during endoscopic surgeries in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia

ABSTRACT Introduction and objective: To evaluate changes in verumontanum anatomy in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) who used 5-alpha reductase inhibitors (5-ARIs) and to propose an anatomical classification of the verumontanum. Materials and Methods: We studied 86 patients with BPH and 7 patients without the disease (age under 40 years-old who underwent kidney or ureteral lithotripsy). Of the patients with BPH, 34 (mean age=67.26) had 5-ARIs use and 52 (mean age=62.69) did not use the drug. During surgeries, photographs of the seminal colliculus were taken and later, with the aid of software (Image J), the length (longitudinal diameter) and width (transverse diameter) of the verumontanum were measured in all patients. During the procedure, we evaluated the different types of verumontanum. For statistical analysis, the R-Project software was used. Results: In the group of patients with BPH who were taking medication (group 1), the mean measures of length and width of the verumontanum were 4.69mm and 2.94mm respectively. In the group of patients with BPH who did not use the drug (group 2), the mean diameters were 4.54mm and 3.20mm respectively. In the control group (group 3), the average length and width were 5.63mm and 4.11mm respectively. There was an increase in longitudinal and transverse measurements of the control group with an increase in body mass index (BMI) (p=0.0001 and p=0.035 respectively). In addition, there was a reduction in transverse diameter in the group of BPH using 5-ARI with increased prostate volume (p=0.010). We found five different verumontanum types: "volcano" (51.61%), "lighthouse" (24.73%), "whale tail" (12.90%), "hood" (5.38%) and "castle door" (5.38%), which we propose as an anatomical classification. Conclusion: Veromontanum has smaller measurements in patients with BPH regardless of treatment. In the control group, there was an increase in verumontanum diameters with an increase in BMI. The volcano type of verumontanum was the most frequent regardless of groups and BMI.

Avaliaçäo dermatológica em pacientes com insuficiência renal crônica em hemodiálise regular / Dermatological evaluation in patients with RCI in regular hemodialysis

A ocorrência de lesöes cutâneas em associaçäo com a insuficiência renal crônica (IRC) passou a tomar grande importância pela Dermatologia com o progresso da Nefrologia, que permitiu aos seus doentes a oportunidade de uma sobrevida prolongada e consequentemente, algumas das complicaçöes cutâneas da IRC e da diálise tornaram-se mais frequentes. O objetivo do presente estudo é avaliar as lesöes tegumentares dos pacientes com IRC em hemodiálise (HD) regular, e, sua permanência e/ou mudanças das características clínicas, relacionando tais resultados com os obtidos da literatura. Foram realizadas consultas onde foram avaliados 30 pacientes portadores de insuficiência renal crônica sob hemodiálise regular tomados ao acaso, em tratamento na clínica privada RENALCRIN LTDA, situada em Säo Joäo del-Rei - MG, no período entre setembro de 1999 à agosto de 2000. Dos pacientes estudados, a média de idade foi 44,30 anos, sendo 16 (53 por cento) do sexo masculino e 14 (47 por cento) do sexo feminino. Ao exame dermatológico, tivemos 31 (96,87 por cento) pacientes apresentando Hipercromia conjuntival, 23 (71,87 por cento) Xerodermia, 20 (66,67 por cento) Hiperceratose plantar, 16 (53,3 por cento) Fotosensibilidade, 16 (50 por cento) Dermatite Seborréica, 15 (50 por cento) Prurigo, 15 (50 por cento) Língua saburrosa, entre outras menos frequentes. A hipercromia conjuntival por foto-exposiçäo destacou-se pela grande incidência. Além desta, a Hiperceratose plantar e o prurigo também näo foram encontrados na literatura pesquisada. Assim, surgiram hipóteses da hipercromia conjuntival, da Hiperceratose plantar e o prurigo estarem ligadas à IRC ou aos esquemas de HD.